What is the risk associated with OPV in terms of vaccine-derived polioviruses?

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Study for the Poliovirus and Poliomyelitis Test. Prepare with engaging flashcards and detailed multiple-choice questions, each with hints and explanations. Ace your exam with confidence!

Multiple Choice

What is the risk associated with OPV in terms of vaccine-derived polioviruses?

Explanation:
The key idea is that the oral polio vaccine uses live, attenuated poliovirus. That weakened virus can be shed in stool and spread in a community. If vaccination coverage isn’t high enough, the shed vaccine virus can continue to circulate and accumulate mutations, eventually reuniting with neurovirulent traits. When this happens, circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and, in polio-free areas, reintroduce transmission and potentially cause outbreaks. This is the risk OPV poses in terms of vaccine-derived polioviruses: a live-virus vaccine can, under certain conditions, give rise to strains that spread in the community.

The key idea is that the oral polio vaccine uses live, attenuated poliovirus. That weakened virus can be shed in stool and spread in a community. If vaccination coverage isn’t high enough, the shed vaccine virus can continue to circulate and accumulate mutations, eventually reuniting with neurovirulent traits. When this happens, circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and, in polio-free areas, reintroduce transmission and potentially cause outbreaks. This is the risk OPV poses in terms of vaccine-derived polioviruses: a live-virus vaccine can, under certain conditions, give rise to strains that spread in the community.

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